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Giorgio Beretta ( UNIMONDO.ORG )
Italy stood in 2009 among the five largest international suppliers of conventional arms and its exports were mainly directed to countries development.
It is learned from the report "Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations 2002-2009" compiled by Richard F. Grimmett that was delivered last Friday at the Congress of the United States of America. The contracts signed by the Italian companies amounted in fact 2009 - according to the report - a $ 2.7 billion, of whom 2.4 billion (almost 90%) were stipulatio with developing nations, a figure, it never reached the last eight For years, the report examines to show that Italian exports of arms are increasingly facing the countries of the South.
REPORT
The report prepared annually by Congressional Research Service (CRS), the research department of the Library of Congress, the Library of Congress, Members of the United States provides the "official data and not kept secret" on trade international conventional arms paying specific attention to their transfer to developing countries (Developing Nations): under this heading are included all the countries of the world except the United States, Canada, all European nations (including Russia and Turkey), Australia , Japan and New Zealand.
The report takes into account all categories of conventional arms and all transfers of military systems were among the forty or so tables in presenting the figures - contained primarily in U.S. dollars constants calculated on the last year, but sometimes also in current values - or "contracts" (agreements) and the "rendition" (Deliveries) relativi alle esportazioni di armi. Proprio per queste caratteristiche i dati che vengono presentati nel rapporto si differenziano da quelli forniti da altri istituti di ricerca – come ad esempio il SIPRI di Stoccolma le cui informazioni si concentrano soprattutto sui trasferimenti dei “maggiori sistemi di armamento convenzionali” (“major conventional weapons”).
I MAGGIORI ACQUIRENTI DEL SUD DEL MONDO
Nonostante un certo decremento di ordinativi dovuto alla recessione internazionale “i Paesi in via di sviluppo continuano ad essere il principale destinatario delle esportazioni di armamenti da parte dei paesi produttori” – si legge nel sommario del rapporto. I contratti (agreements) concluded in 2009 from developing countries have exceeded 45.1 billion dollars (they had reached 48.8 billion dollars in 2008), representing 78.4% of international trade in arms which - in 2009 - is is located about 57.5 billion dollars, down 8.5% compared to 2008 when he passed the 62.8 billion dollars.
rather more regular deliveries (Deliveries) world of weapons that were stationed in 2009 on 35.1 billion dollars to 36.7 billion were in 2008. In 2009, over 17 billion dollars (ie 48.5% of total) deliveries of military equipment were made to developing countries: this is the lowest of the past eight years can be explained - as the report says - even with the decision of several countries to postpone the purchase of arms as a result of budget constraints put in place in view of the international economic downturn.
Among the major buyers included with respect to contracts entered into in 2009 primarily as Brazil (7.2 billion), Venezuela (6.4 billion), Saudi Arabia (4.3 billion), Taiwan (3 , 8 billion), UAE (3.6 billion), Iraq (3.3 billion) and Egypt (3 billion), while for actual deliveries of arms in 2009 (Table 24) the main target are Saudi Arabia (2.7 billion), China (1.5 billion), South Korea (1.4 billion), Egypt (1.3 billion), India (1.2 billion), Israel (1 2 billion) and Pakistan (1 billion).
MAJOR EXPORTERS
The United States maintains the primacy of world exports of arms: Despite the substantial reduction of contracts compared to 2008 - the year in which Washington had reached a record last decade (38.1 billion dollars) - with 22.6 billion dollars in 2009, the U.S. retain world leadership in this particular area but saw a sharp decline in its market share is reduced to 39% on 60.5% in 2008. A record from which the United States in the coming years are unlikely to be undermined if - as reported by the Wall Street Journal - Obama administration intends to approve the agreement by Congress for military equipment to Saudi Arabia worth $ 60 billion, which represents the largest weapons contract ever made.
Russia is still in second place in the ranking of the major exporting the $ 10.4 billion of contracts made in 2009 accounting for just over 18% share of the world. Despite almost doubling from 2008 ($ 5.5 billion) mark, however, is a contraction from 2007 (nearly 11.2 billion) and, above compared to 2006 when they had come close to selling $ 16 billion as a result of agreements for military supplies to India and especially China.
China, moreover, with 1.7 billion dollars in contracts and 1.8 billion of direct deliveries almost exclusively in developing countries to maintain - despite a clear decrease in both areas - its position among the top seven major international exporters of arms. The leading European
Among the countries that resist the decline of the international arms trade and indeed succeed in increasing exports despite the global economic crisis to be counted especially the four major European military systems: France, Germany, Italy and the UK.
France, with 7.4 billion dollars in contracts in 2009 doubled its portfolio of orders over the previous year (3.2 billion), marking the second best performance of the last eight years, came to occupy almost 13% of world exports of arms: 96% of French contracts in 2009, ie $ 7.1 billion, were signed with countries in the developing world, among which especially those with Latin American nations.
increase their contracts for systems over 16% between 2008 and 2009, even taking them to Germany last year to 3.7 billion dollars representing a record last five years and cover 6.4% share of the world. What distinguishes Germany than the other three European countries - and more generally to other major arms producers - is the target of military systems in 2009 only 2.7% are directed to developing countries, but the 2 , $ 8 billion of supplies last year to see these target countries over 37.5% of German armaments.
declining - but the data must be carefully considered - are instead the export of arms of Italy: the contracts issued by our country in 2009 amounted to 2.7 billion dollars in net decline compared to a record of nearly $ 3.8 billion in 2008. Nevertheless, are the second best performance of the last eight years examined by the U.S. reports and, above all, confirms a trend growth trend compared to $ 494 million in 2002. The contracts, which - as already mentioned - place Italy in fifth place among the leading world exporters of arms before Israel (2.1 billion dollars), China (1.7 billion) and the United Kingdom itself (1 , 5 billion), bringing Italy to detect a 4.7% share of international trade in military systems.
Recipients of these contracts are for almost 89% in developing nations: Italy in 2009 had reached $ 2.4 billion with a record number of contracts with these countries nearly quadrupled (compared to 651 million dollars in 2006) over the past four years the size of their orders to the South enough to put our country - after the United States, Russia and France - as the fourth worldwide supplier of developing countries with a share of 5.3% of total supply in these countries.
Among the areas of the South, the largest share of exports of Italian arms in the four years 2006-9 is covered by one of the areas of greatest tension in the world, the Middle East in four years with the countries of this region Italy contracted for $ 3.7 billion or nearly three-quarters (71%) of all their international contracts.
should finally be noted that the report data to the U.S. Congress are still lower than those officially presented last March by the Italian Presidency of the Council: as we reported on Unimondo , according to the report of the Prime permissions to 'export of arms issued by the Government in 2009 to companies in the sector amounted to € 4.9 billion in the same year and the actual deliveries of military goods alone have exceeded 2.2 billion euro. Although this difference can be explained by the fact that the "permissions" Italian government cover a wider scope of "contracts" (agreements) examined by the U.S. report, although the actual deliveries of military equipment are somewhat undersized in the U.S. report noted that Italian deliveries in 2009 to just 600 million dollars compared to 2 , € 2 billion reported by the Italian government report. Returning
European sphere, are also growing contracts in the UK - in 2008 after reaching the lowest figure ever recorded - in 2009, stood at 1.5 billion dollars. The contracts entered into by UK industries are strongly fluctuating: you pass it by 988 million dollars in 2002 to more than $ 10.3 billion in 2007 to $ 205 million in 2008. In the four years 2006-9, with contracts for nearly 16.6 billion dollars the United Kingdom is confirmed, however, the fourth largest exporter of conventional arms.
If the four major European weapons producers as a whole remain unchanged at 23% its share of exports in world military two four-examined by the report, that increases considerably in the last two years is actually the amount of exports to in developing countries: it goes, in fact, from less than $ 7 billion in 2008 which covered 14% of the world total to these countries to more than 10.6 billion dollars in 2009 representing 24% share of the world. A clear signal that - as evidenced by the report - "the four major European suppliers of arms have strengthened their competitive position in the export of military systems through strong government support (government marketing support) to sales of armaments." Support that - as is clear from the report - has helped to ensure that "the four major European suppliers of arms contracts signed with various countries in developing snatching them from the United States."
giorgio.beretta @ unimondo.org
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